Running a show is a complex task that requires careful coordination and attention to detail. The oversees all aspects of the production, from pre-show procedures to post-show duties. They must maintain show integrity, adapt to challenges, and ensure smooth execution of technical elements.
Calling cues is a crucial part of running a show. The stage manager gives precise verbal commands to execute lighting, sound, and other technical elements. This requires thorough understanding of the show's requirements and timing, as well as effective communication with the crew.
Running shows
Running a show involves executing the technical elements of a theatrical production during live performances
The stage manager is responsible for overseeing the smooth operation of the show from the backstage area
Key aspects of running shows include pre-show procedures, maintaining show integrity, and adapting to challenges that may arise during performances
Pre-show procedures
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Conduct a thorough walkthrough of the stage and backstage areas to ensure all set pieces, props, and equipment are in their proper places
Check the functionality of all technical elements (lighting, sound, special effects) and make necessary adjustments
Brief the crew on any changes or special instructions for the upcoming performance
Coordinate with front-of-house staff to ensure the audience is seated on time and the show can begin as scheduled
Backstage etiquette
Maintain a quiet and professional atmosphere backstage to avoid distracting the performers and audience
Enforce rules regarding food, drinks, and personal belongings in backstage areas
Ensure all crew members are wearing appropriate attire (black clothing, closed-toe shoes) and have necessary equipment (headsets, flashlights)
Communicate any backstage issues or concerns to the stage manager promptly
Maintaining show integrity
Ensure that all technical elements are executed consistently and in accordance with the director's vision
Monitor the performance for any deviations from the established , choreography, or technical cues
Provide notes and feedback to cast and crew members after each performance to address any issues and maintain the quality of the show
Collaborate with the creative team to implement any necessary changes or adjustments to the show over the course of the run
Adapting to challenges
Be prepared to troubleshoot and solve problems that may arise during a performance (missed cues, technical malfunctions, actor injuries)
Develop contingency plans for potential issues and review them with the crew before each performance
Maintain a calm and decisive demeanor in high-pressure situations to ensure the show continues smoothly
Communicate any major issues or changes to the creative team and front-of-house staff as necessary
Post-show duties
Oversee the strike and cleanup of the stage and backstage areas after each performance
Ensure all props, costumes, and equipment are properly stored and maintained for the next show
Conduct a post-show meeting with the crew to review any issues or successes from the performance
Complete necessary paperwork and reports, such as performance reports and maintenance requests
Calling cues
Calling cues involves giving verbal commands to execute the technical elements of a show (lighting, sound, set changes, etc.) at precise moments during a performance
The stage manager is responsible for calling cues, which requires a thorough understanding of the show's technical requirements and timing
Effective cue calling is essential for ensuring the smooth flow of the performance and maintaining the integrity of the production
Cue types
Lighting cues: changes in stage lighting, such as blackouts, spotlights, and special effects
Sound cues: playback of music, sound effects, and voiceovers
Set change cues: movement of set pieces, furniture, and props on and off stage
Actor entrance and exit cues: coordinating the movement of performers on and off stage
Special effect cues: triggering practical effects such as fog, pyrotechnics, and projections
Cue notation systems
Numeric system: cues are assigned sequential numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) based on their order in the show
Alphabetic system: cues are assigned letters (A, B, C, etc.) to distinguish between different types of cues (e.g., "A" for lighting, "B" for sound)
Combined system: uses a combination of numbers and letters to identify cues (e.g., "A1" for the first lighting cue, "B2" for the second )
Descriptive system: cues are given descriptive names based on their function or timing in the show (e.g., "House lights to half," "Gunshot")
Cue sheets vs cue scripts
Cue sheets: a condensed list of all cues in the show, typically organized by page number or scene, used as a quick reference during performances
Cue scripts: a more detailed version of the script that includes all cues, technical notes, and stage directions, used for more complex shows or when multiple stage managers are involved
Both formats should include essential information such as cue number, description, timing, and any special instructions
Timing and precision
Accurately timing cues to synchronize with the action on stage and the flow of the performance
Anticipating and allowing for any necessary pre-set or transition time before calling a cue
Using specific, clear language when calling cues to ensure the crew can execute them precisely
Developing a sense of rhythm and to maintain the desired tempo of the show
Coordinating with crew
Establishing clear communication channels and protocols with the technical crew, such as using headsets or a paging system
Conducting rehearsals to familiarize the crew with the cue sequence and timing
Providing standby and go commands to alert the crew when a cue is approaching and when to execute it
Giving feedback and notes to the crew after rehearsals and performances to refine the timing and execution of cues
Contingency plans
Developing backup plans for potential technical issues, such as equipment failures or missed cues
Identifying alternative cues or workarounds that can be used in case of emergency, such as manual control of lighting or sound
Communicating contingency plans to the crew and ensuring they are prepared to implement them if necessary
Regularly reviewing and updating contingency plans based on any changes to the show or equipment
Cue-to-cue rehearsals
Specialized rehearsals focused solely on running through the technical cues of the show without actors
Allows the stage manager and crew to practice the timing and execution of cues in sequence
Provides an opportunity to identify and troubleshoot any issues with cues or equipment before full rehearsals or performances
Typically conducted after the initial technical rehearsals and before dress rehearsals
Communication during shows
Effective communication is crucial for ensuring the smooth operation of a show and coordinating the efforts of the cast, crew, and creative team
The stage manager serves as the central point of communication during performances, relaying information and instructions to all involved parties
Clear, concise, and professional communication protocols are essential for maintaining a focused and efficient working environment
Headset protocols
Establishing clear guidelines for headset use, such as using specific channels for different departments (lighting, sound, stage management)
Ensuring all crew members are familiar with proper headset etiquette, such as speaking clearly, using appropriate language, and minimizing unnecessary chatter
Using designated terminology and codes to communicate specific instructions or alerts (standby, go, hold)
Maintaining a calm and professional tone on the headset, even in high-pressure situations
Standby and go commands
"Standby" is used to alert the crew that a cue is approaching and to prepare for its execution
"Go" is the command given to execute the cue at the precise moment required
Using consistent phrasing and tone when giving standby and go commands to ensure clarity and prompt responses from the crew
Allowing sufficient time between the standby and go commands for the crew to prepare for the cue
Maintaining focus
Minimizing distractions and unnecessary conversation during the performance to ensure all crew members remain focused on their tasks
Encouraging crew members to stay alert and attentive, even during periods of low activity or long stretches between cues
Leading by example and maintaining a professional, focused demeanor throughout the performance
Providing regular breaks and check-ins with crew members to help maintain concentration and prevent burnout
Responding to issues
Maintaining a calm and decisive demeanor when addressing any issues that arise during the performance
Quickly assessing the situation and determining the most appropriate course of action to minimize disruption to the show
Communicating any necessary instructions or updates to the crew and cast in a clear and concise manner
Documenting any issues or incidents that occur during the performance for later review and follow-up
Communicating with cast
Establishing a clear line of communication between the stage management team and the cast, such as designated check-in times or a backstage bulletin board
Providing updates and reminders to the cast regarding any changes to the show, technical notes, or scheduling
Relaying any necessary performance notes or feedback from the creative team to the cast in a timely and professional manner
Addressing any concerns or questions from cast members promptly and respectfully, while maintaining the boundaries of the stage manager's role
Show documentation
Maintaining accurate and detailed documentation is essential for tracking the progress of a production, communicating changes, and creating a record for future reference
The stage manager is responsible for creating and updating various types of show documentation throughout the rehearsal and performance process
Effective documentation practices ensure that all members of the production team have access to the most current information and can work together efficiently
Performance reports
Detailed accounts of each performance, including any technical issues, actor notes, audience reactions, and running times
Used to track the consistency and quality of the show over the course of the run
Distributed to the creative team and production staff after each performance for review and follow-up
Serve as a valuable reference for identifying patterns or recurring issues that may need to be addressed
Tracking show changes
Documenting any changes made to the script, blocking, choreography, or technical elements during the rehearsal and performance process
Using a system for notating changes, such as color-coding or dating each update
Distributing updated scripts, cue sheets, and other relevant documents to the cast and crew in a timely manner
Maintaining a master copy of all show documents that reflects the most current version of the production
Archiving materials
Organizing and preserving all show-related documents, such as scripts, cue sheets, designs, and performance reports, for future reference
Creating a digital archive of show materials, including photographs, video recordings, and sound files
Ensuring that all archived materials are properly labeled, dated, and stored in a secure location
Providing access to archived materials to authorized personnel, such as future production teams or researchers
Emergency procedures
Developing and implementing comprehensive emergency procedures is crucial for ensuring the safety of the cast, crew, and audience during a production
The stage manager is responsible for creating and communicating emergency plans, as well as leading the response to any emergency situations that may arise
Regular training and drills should be conducted to familiarize all production personnel with emergency procedures and their roles in the event of an incident
Fire and evacuation
Creating a detailed fire safety and evacuation plan in collaboration with the venue's management and local fire authorities
Identifying all emergency exits, fire extinguishers, and other safety equipment in the theater and ensuring they are clearly marked and accessible
Conducting regular fire drills with the cast and crew to practice evacuation procedures and identify any potential issues
Designating specific roles and responsibilities for crew members in the event of an evacuation, such as assisting audience members or securing valuable equipment
Medical emergencies
Developing a plan for responding to medical emergencies, such as injuries, illnesses, or accidents involving cast, crew, or audience members
Ensuring that at least one member of the production team is trained in first aid and CPR
Maintaining a fully stocked first aid kit in a clearly marked, easily accessible location backstage
Establishing a clear protocol for contacting emergency services and providing them with necessary information, such as the location of the theater and the nature of the emergency
Technical failures
Creating contingency plans for potential technical failures, such as power outages, equipment malfunctions, or system crashes
Identifying backup systems or manual workarounds that can be used to continue the show in the event of a technical failure
Training crew members on troubleshooting techniques and emergency procedures for their specific areas of responsibility
Establishing a communication plan for informing the cast, crew, and audience of any technical issues and the steps being taken to resolve them
Understudy and swing roles
Developing a comprehensive understudy and swing system to ensure that the show can continue in the event of actor illness, injury, or other absence
Casting understudies for principal roles and swings for ensemble roles, and providing them with regular rehearsal time to learn and practice their parts
Creating detailed understudy and swing charts that clearly outline the roles and responsibilities of each performer
Establishing a protocol for notifying understudies and swings of any changes to the show or their performance schedule, and ensuring they have adequate time to prepare
Key Terms to Review (21)
Actor entrance and exit cue: An actor entrance and exit cue refers to the specific signals or prompts that indicate when an actor should enter or leave the stage during a performance. These cues are essential for maintaining the flow of the show and ensuring that timing aligns with the dialogue, action, and overall pacing. They are usually called by a stage manager and can be verbal or visual, helping to coordinate multiple elements such as lighting, sound, and set changes.
Blocking: Blocking refers to the precise staging of actors in a performance to facilitate the movement and positioning of characters in relation to each other and the set. It involves planning the choreography of movement, including where actors stand, how they move on stage, and their interactions, all while considering the overall vision of the production.
Call sheet notation: Call sheet notation refers to the specific symbols, abbreviations, and terminology used on call sheets to communicate important information about a production schedule. This notation is essential for organizing and coordinating the various elements of a performance or filming day, including cast and crew assignments, locations, and technical cues. Understanding this notation helps ensure that everyone involved in the production is on the same page and can execute their responsibilities efficiently.
Calling the Show: Calling the show refers to the process of managing and executing the technical aspects of a live performance, ensuring that all cues are followed precisely at the right moments. This task is typically the responsibility of the stage manager, who coordinates lighting, sound, set changes, and other elements to create a seamless experience for the audience. The effectiveness of calling the show can greatly influence the overall quality and flow of a production, as it requires deep knowledge of the script, timing, and communication skills.
Cue sheet: A cue sheet is a detailed document that outlines the sequence and timing of cues during a live performance, including lighting, sound effects, music, and actor entrances or exits. It serves as an essential tool for stage managers and operators to coordinate the technical elements of a show in real-time, ensuring everything runs smoothly and on schedule.
Cue-to-cue: Cue-to-cue is a rehearsal technique in theater production that focuses on running the show from one cue to the next, skipping over any dialogue or action that occurs between those cues. This process allows the director, stage manager, and technical crew to work on the timing and execution of lighting, sound, and scene changes, ensuring everything runs smoothly during performances. It is essential for identifying any technical issues and making adjustments before the final performances.
Dry run: A dry run is a rehearsal or practice session conducted without an audience, where the production team and performers simulate the performance to test all technical aspects and ensure everything runs smoothly. It allows the crew to call cues, fine-tune timing, and identify potential issues before the actual performance, ensuring a seamless experience for both the cast and the audience.
Go signal: A go signal is a specific cue or command that indicates it is time to proceed with an action or sequence in a performance or production. This term is crucial in the coordination of elements such as lighting, sound, and scene changes, ensuring that all technical aspects align seamlessly with the live performance, creating a cohesive experience for the audience.
Hand signals: Hand signals are non-verbal cues used by stage managers and crew members to communicate instructions during live performances without disrupting the show. These signals enable quick and clear communication in noisy environments where spoken words may not be heard, ensuring smooth transitions and effective cue calling.
Headset communication: Headset communication refers to the use of headsets equipped with microphones and speakers to facilitate clear audio communication among crew members during live performances or events. This system allows for instantaneous dialogue, enabling smooth coordination between various departments such as lighting, sound, and stage management, which is essential for effective cue calling and running a show.
Light cue: A light cue is a specific command given during a theatrical production that triggers the lighting system to change its state, such as adjusting brightness, color, or moving to a different focus. This command is crucial for enhancing the mood, emphasizing moments, and guiding audience attention throughout the performance. Properly timed light cues help create transitions between scenes and support the overall storytelling.
Musical theater: Musical theater is a theatrical art form that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance to tell a story. This unique genre enhances storytelling through music, creating emotional connections with the audience and elevating the narrative experience. In addition to performance, musical theater heavily relies on music and underscoring to set the mood and enhance dramatic moments, while collaboration among the production team ensures a cohesive vision and smooth operation during performances.
Pacing: Pacing refers to the speed at which a performance unfolds, affecting how the audience perceives the story and its emotional impact. It involves carefully balancing moments of tension and relief, allowing for the right timing in dialogue delivery, action sequences, and transitions between scenes. The overall rhythm can influence engagement, build suspense, and enhance the storytelling experience.
Radio communication: Radio communication is the transmission of information through electromagnetic waves via radio frequencies, allowing for real-time interaction between individuals over distances without the need for physical connections. This method of communication is crucial in various fields, particularly in theater production, where it facilitates the coordination of live performances by enabling stage managers and crew to communicate instantly and effectively. Effective radio communication enhances the overall execution of a show, ensuring that cues are called precisely and that any necessary adjustments are made smoothly during the performance.
Score tracking: Score tracking is the process of monitoring and documenting the cues, cues timings, and changes that occur during a performance to ensure a smooth running of the show. It involves keeping a detailed record of every element that affects the timing and sequence of cues, which is crucial for maintaining consistency and precision in live performances. This method allows stage managers and crew members to quickly reference and adjust to any discrepancies during a live show.
Set change cue: A set change cue is a specific signal or instruction given to the technical crew during a performance to indicate that a change in the physical set is required, such as moving or adjusting scenery, props, or lighting. This cue is essential for maintaining the flow of a production and ensuring that transitions happen seamlessly, contributing to the overall storytelling of the show.
Sound cue: A sound cue is a specific audio signal that is triggered at a particular moment during a performance, typically to enhance the atmosphere, support the narrative, or signal a change in action. These cues are meticulously timed and coordinated with other production elements to ensure a seamless flow in the storytelling process.
Special effect cue: A special effect cue is a specific signal or command used in theater production to trigger a visual or auditory effect during a performance. These cues are essential for synchronizing the timing of effects like lighting changes, sound effects, or pyrotechnics with the action on stage, enhancing the overall storytelling experience. They require precise coordination between various departments to ensure that effects occur seamlessly and effectively, contributing to the audience's immersion in the production.
Stage manager: A stage manager is a vital member of a theater production team responsible for coordinating all aspects of a show, from rehearsals to performances. This role serves as a bridge between the creative vision of the director and the practical execution by the cast and crew, ensuring that everything runs smoothly and efficiently.
Straight play: A straight play is a form of theatrical performance that focuses on a narrative with dialogue and character development without the incorporation of music or song. This type of play emphasizes storytelling through spoken word, highlighting the actors' performances and the script's language. Straight plays can cover various genres, such as drama, comedy, or tragedy, and require a dedicated production team to manage various aspects of staging and performance.
Tech rehearsal: A tech rehearsal is a critical stage in the production process where the technical elements of a show, such as lighting, sound, and set changes, are integrated and practiced in conjunction with the performance. This rehearsal is essential for ensuring that all technical cues are executed smoothly and that the design elements support the storytelling. During a tech rehearsal, the cast may be present to run through their performances while technicians make adjustments to equipment and cues.