💼Strategic Cost Management Unit 12 – Target Costing & Value Engineering

What's Target Costing?

• Strategic cost management approach aims to reduce product costs while maintaining quality and functionality
• Involves setting a target cost based on market research, customer expectations, and desired profit margins
• Focuses on cost reduction during the product design and development stages rather than after production begins
• Requires cross-functional collaboration among various departments (marketing, design, engineering, and manufacturing)
• Emphasizes continuous improvement and value creation for customers
  • Encourages innovation and creativity in product design
  • Helps companies remain competitive in the market

Why Target Costing Matters

• Enables companies to achieve desired profit margins while offering competitive prices
• Helps ensure that products meet customer expectations for quality, functionality, and price
• Reduces the risk of launching products that are too expensive or lack market demand
• Encourages cost-conscious decision-making throughout the product development process
• Facilitates better resource allocation and cost control
• Promotes a culture of continuous improvement and innovation
• Enhances cross-functional collaboration and communication within the organization

Key Players in Target Costing

• Marketing: Conducts market research, identifies customer needs and preferences, and sets target selling prices
• Design and Engineering: Develops product designs that meet customer requirements while adhering to target costs
• Procurement: Identifies cost-effective suppliers and negotiates favorable terms for materials and components
• Manufacturing: Optimizes production processes to minimize costs without compromising quality
• Finance and Accounting: Monitors costs, analyzes variances, and provides financial guidance throughout the target costing process
• Suppliers: Collaborate with the company to identify cost-saving opportunities and provide cost-effective components or materials
  • Early supplier involvement is crucial for successful target costing implementation

Target Costing Process

• Conduct market research to identify customer needs, preferences, and willingness to pay
• Determine the target selling price based on market conditions and competitive analysis
• Calculate the target cost by subtracting the desired profit margin from the target selling price
• Break down the target cost into component-level costs (cost breakdown structure)
• Engage in value engineering to optimize product design and reduce costs
  • Identify and eliminate non-value-added features or components
  • Explore alternative materials, processes, or technologies
• Collaborate with suppliers to identify cost-saving opportunities and negotiate favorable terms
• Continuously monitor and control costs throughout the product development process
• Conduct regular cost reviews and make necessary adjustments to ensure target costs are met

Value Engineering Basics

• Systematic approach to improving the value of products or services by analyzing their functions and costs
• Aims to achieve the desired functionality at the lowest possible cost without compromising quality
• Involves a multi-disciplinary team that analyzes the product design, materials, and manufacturing processes
• Follows a structured process: information gathering, function analysis, creativity, evaluation, and implementation
• Techniques used in value engineering include:
  • Functional analysis: Identifying and prioritizing the essential functions of a product
  • Cost-function analysis: Allocating costs to specific functions and identifying high-cost areas
  • Creative problem-solving: Generating alternative solutions to improve value
• Helps companies optimize product designs, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction

Implementing Target Costing & Value Engineering

• Obtain top management support and commitment to the target costing and value engineering processes
• Establish a cross-functional team with representatives from marketing, design, engineering, procurement, and manufacturing
• Provide training and education to team members on target costing and value engineering principles and techniques
• Develop a clear and well-defined product development process that incorporates target costing and value engineering activities
• Set realistic and achievable target costs based on market research and financial analysis
• Engage suppliers early in the product development process to leverage their expertise and identify cost-saving opportunities
• Implement a robust cost management system to track and control costs throughout the product lifecycle
• Continuously monitor and review the target costing and value engineering processes to identify areas for improvement

Real-World Examples

• Toyota: Known for its successful implementation of target costing in the automotive industry, resulting in cost-effective and high-quality vehicles
  • Achieved significant cost reductions through value engineering and supplier collaboration
  • Prius, a hybrid vehicle, was developed using target costing to balance cost, fuel efficiency, and customer value
• Dell: Applied target costing to its computer manufacturing process, enabling the company to offer competitive prices while maintaining profitability
  • Utilized a cost breakdown structure to identify cost-saving opportunities in components and assembly processes
• Caterpillar: Implemented target costing and value engineering in the development of its construction equipment
  • Collaborated with suppliers to reduce costs and improve product performance
  • Achieved cost reductions without compromising the durability and reliability of its products

Challenges and Limitations

• Resistance to change: Implementing target costing and value engineering may face resistance from employees accustomed to traditional cost management practices
• Accurate cost estimation: Developing accurate cost estimates for new products can be challenging, especially for innovative or complex designs
• Balancing cost and quality: Overemphasis on cost reduction may lead to compromises in product quality or functionality
• Supplier collaboration: Engaging suppliers in the target costing process can be difficult, particularly if there are power imbalances or conflicting objectives
• Time and resource constraints: Conducting thorough market research, value engineering, and cost analysis can be time-consuming and resource-intensive
• Continuous improvement: Target costing and value engineering require ongoing efforts to maintain their effectiveness and adapt to changing market conditions
• Limited applicability: Target costing may not be suitable for all industries or products, particularly those with highly volatile market conditions or rapidly changing technologies