Glossary

9.5 Zakat (almsgiving)

4 min read•august 20, 2024

, the third pillar of Islam, is a mandatory form of almsgiving for eligible Muslims. It requires giving a portion of one's wealth to those in need, serving as a means of purification and social solidarity within the Muslim community.

Zakat plays a crucial role in Islamic faith and society, promoting economic equality and . It is calculated based on specific criteria and distributed to eight categories of recipients, aiming to address poverty and foster community well-being.

Zakat as a pillar of Islam

  • Zakat is one of the , along with Shahada (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage)
  • Considered a fundamental religious obligation for all Muslims who meet the necessary criteria
  • Serves as a means of purifying one's wealth and fostering social solidarity within the Muslim community

Meaning and purpose of Zakat

Linguistic and religious definitions

Top images from around the web for Linguistic and religious definitions

  • File:Koran.JPG - Wikipedia View original

    Is this image relevant?

  • Misconceptions About Zakat (mandatory charity or tax in Islam for Muslims) - Inch Wide. Mile ... View original

    Is this image relevant?

  • File:Koran.JPG - Wikipedia View original

    Is this image relevant?

1 of 3

Top images from around the web for Linguistic and religious definitions

  • File:Koran.JPG - Wikipedia View original

    Is this image relevant?

  • Misconceptions About Zakat (mandatory charity or tax in Islam for Muslims) - Inch Wide. Mile ... View original

    Is this image relevant?

  • File:Koran.JPG - Wikipedia View original

    Is this image relevant?

1 of 3
  • Linguistically, Zakat means "purification," "cleansing," or "growth"
  • In Islamic context, Zakat refers to the mandatory giving of a portion of one's wealth to those in need
  • Quranic verses and emphasize the importance of Zakat as an act of worship and social responsibility ( 9:60, 2:277)

Spiritual benefits for the giver

  • Fulfills a religious duty and expresses gratitude for God's blessings
  • Purifies the giver's wealth and soul from greed and attachment to material possessions
  • Cultivates empathy, generosity, and humility
  • Strengthens faith and connection to God

Social and economic benefits for the community

  • Redistributes wealth and reduces economic inequality
  • Provides support for the poor, needy, and marginalized members of society
  • Fosters social cohesion and solidarity among Muslims
  • Stimulates economic growth by increasing purchasing power and consumption

Calculation and payment of Zakat

Nisab threshold for Zakat eligibility

  • is the minimum amount of wealth one must possess to be obligated to pay Zakat
  • Equivalent to the value of 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver
  • Wealth below the Nisab is exempt from Zakat

Types of wealth subject to Zakat

  • Gold, silver, and other precious metals
  • Cash and savings
  • Livestock (camels, cattle, sheep, and goats)
  • Agricultural produce
  • Trade goods and business assets

Zakat payment schedule and process

  • Zakat is typically paid annually, based on the lunar calendar
  • The rate of Zakat varies depending on the type of wealth (2.5% for most types)
  • Zakat can be paid directly to eligible recipients or through Islamic institutions and charities

Distribution of Zakat funds

Eight categories of Zakat recipients

  • The poor (those below the poverty line)
  • The needy (those in financial hardship)
  • Zakat collectors and administrators
  • Those whose hearts are to be reconciled (new converts or potential allies)
  • Those in bondage (slaves or captives seeking freedom)
  • Those in debt
  • Those in the cause of Allah (soldiers, students, or travelers)
  • The wayfarer (stranded travelers in need)

Role of Islamic institutions in Zakat distribution

  • Mosques, Islamic charities, and government agencies often collect and distribute Zakat
  • These institutions ensure proper calculation, collection, and distribution of Zakat funds
  • They also provide transparency and accountability in the Zakat process

Individual vs collective distribution

  • Muslims can distribute Zakat directly to eligible recipients or through institutions
  • Individual distribution allows for personal connection and targeted assistance
  • Collective distribution through institutions enables broader reach and systemic impact

Comparison of Zakat and other forms of charity

Zakat vs voluntary charity (Sadaqah)

  • Zakat is obligatory for eligible Muslims, while is voluntary
  • Zakat has specific rules for calculation and distribution, while Sadaqah is more flexible
  • Both Zakat and Sadaqah serve to help those in need and earn spiritual rewards

Zakat vs other religious almsgiving practices

  • Many religions, such as Christianity () and Judaism (tzedakah), have almsgiving practices
  • These practices may differ in their specific rules and requirements
  • All aim to foster generosity, social responsibility, and spiritual growth

Contemporary issues and debates

Zakat in modern economic systems

  • Adapting Zakat calculation and distribution to complex financial instruments and assets
  • Integrating Zakat into national tax systems and social welfare programs
  • Addressing the role of Zakat in reducing poverty and promoting economic development

Zakat and international development

  • Using Zakat funds for humanitarian aid and development projects in Muslim-majority countries
  • Collaborating with international organizations to maximize the impact of Zakat
  • Navigating legal and regulatory challenges in cross-border Zakat transfers

Controversies and challenges in Zakat implementation

  • Ensuring transparency and accountability in Zakat collection and distribution
  • Addressing concerns about the misuse or politicization of Zakat funds
  • Balancing the rights and needs of Zakat recipients with the autonomy of Zakat payers

Key Terms to Review (21)

Catholic charities: Catholic Charities refers to a network of charitable organizations that operate under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, providing various social services to those in need. These organizations focus on helping vulnerable populations, such as the poor, homeless, immigrants, and refugees, through initiatives like food assistance, housing support, and healthcare services. They embody the principles of social justice and the Church's commitment to serving others, particularly through acts of charity and community support.
Christian Charity: Christian charity refers to the selfless love and compassion that Christians are called to show towards others, especially those in need. This concept is deeply rooted in the teachings of Jesus and emphasizes the importance of giving, serving, and caring for the less fortunate. The practice of Christian charity is often linked with almsgiving, where believers are encouraged to provide for the needs of the poor as an expression of their faith and love for God.
Economic equity: Economic equity refers to the fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and wealth within a society, ensuring that individuals have equal access to economic benefits regardless of their background or status. This concept emphasizes justice and fairness in economic policies, aiming to reduce inequality and support the welfare of all community members, which is closely linked to practices like almsgiving.
Five Pillars of Islam: The Five Pillars of Islam are the foundational acts of worship and practice that define a Muslim's faith and practice. They serve as a framework for a Muslim's life, guiding their beliefs, actions, and relationship with God. These pillars include the declaration of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca, each playing a crucial role in achieving salvation and spiritual fulfillment.
Hadith: Hadith refers to the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, which serve as a key source of guidance for Muslims alongside the Quran. They play a crucial role in shaping Islamic law and practice, including rituals and ethical conduct, forming a vital connection to Muhammad's life and teachings.
Islamic Relief: Islamic Relief is a prominent international humanitarian organization that operates in accordance with Islamic principles, providing assistance to those in need, regardless of their faith or background. The organization emphasizes the importance of charitable giving and social justice, reflecting core values found in the practice of Zakat, which is the obligatory almsgiving in Islam aimed at helping the less fortunate and supporting community welfare.
Jewish Tzedakah: Jewish Tzedakah is the concept of charitable giving and social justice in Judaism, emphasizing the moral obligation to help those in need. It is derived from the Hebrew word 'tzedek,' which means justice or righteousness, and reflects a commitment to supporting the community and addressing poverty. Tzedakah is not merely seen as an act of kindness, but rather a fundamental part of Jewish law and ethics that encourages active participation in the welfare of others.
John Wesley: John Wesley was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who played a crucial role in the founding of Methodism in the 18th century. He emphasized personal faith, social justice, and the importance of grace in the process of salvation, which shaped a distinct approach to soteriology that highlighted both individual and communal aspects of faith. Wesley's teachings and practices also influenced ideas about charitable giving, similar to the principles seen in acts of almsgiving.
Maimonides: Maimonides, also known as Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, was a medieval Jewish philosopher, legal scholar, and physician whose works greatly influenced Jewish thought and law. His interpretation of the Torah and his codification of Jewish law played a crucial role in shaping Halakha and the understanding of dietary laws, while also impacting broader philosophical discussions within the context of almsgiving and coexistence in medieval society.
Mitzvah: A mitzvah is a commandment or good deed prescribed by Jewish law, encompassing both religious obligations and ethical actions that individuals are encouraged to perform. The concept of mitzvah is central to Jewish life, serving as a guide for moral behavior and community responsibility. Each mitzvah contributes to the spiritual and social fabric of Jewish tradition, emphasizing the importance of righteous living and connection to God.
Nisab: Nisab is the minimum amount of wealth that a Muslim must possess before they are obligated to pay zakat, which is a form of almsgiving and one of the Five Pillars of Islam. It serves as a threshold, ensuring that only those who have a certain level of financial means contribute to this charitable act, which aims to support the less fortunate and promote social equity.
Old Testament: The Old Testament is a collection of religious texts sacred in Judaism and Christianity, primarily consisting of historical narratives, laws, poetry, and prophecies. It serves as a foundational scripture for both faiths, containing teachings that guide moral conduct, worship practices, and the understanding of God’s covenant with humanity.
Prophet Muhammad: Prophet Muhammad is regarded as the last prophet in Islam, born in Mecca around 570 CE and receiving revelations from Allah through the Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years. His teachings form the foundation of Islam and play a crucial role in shaping the religious practices and community structure of Muslims worldwide.
Quran: The Quran is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel. It serves as a guide for personal conduct, spiritual growth, and legal principles within Islamic tradition, and is central to the practices and beliefs of Muslims.
Ramadan: Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection, and community. It is significant as it commemorates the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad and serves as a time for spiritual growth, self-discipline, and increased devotion. Ramadan is marked by fasting from dawn until sunset, which plays a vital role in strengthening community ties and fostering empathy for those less fortunate.
Sadaqah: Sadaqah refers to voluntary charity given by Muslims to help those in need, which is distinct from obligatory almsgiving known as Zakat. This form of giving is encouraged as a means to purify wealth, foster community solidarity, and express compassion for others. Sadaqah can take many forms, including financial donations, providing food or clothing, and acts of kindness or support.
Social Justice: Social justice refers to the concept of creating a society that is based on principles of equality and solidarity, aiming to eliminate discrimination and ensure that all individuals have fair access to opportunities, resources, and rights. It emphasizes the importance of addressing systemic inequalities and advocating for the rights of marginalized communities within various religious and cultural contexts.
Spiritual growth: Spiritual growth refers to the ongoing process of personal development and transformation in one's spiritual beliefs, practices, and understanding. This concept emphasizes deepening one's relationship with the divine, fostering compassion, and enhancing moral values, ultimately leading to a more fulfilling and purposeful life. In many traditions, including the practice of almsgiving, this growth is seen as a means to connect with the community and serve others, reinforcing the importance of generosity and social responsibility.
Tithing: Tithing is the practice of donating a portion, typically one-tenth, of one's income or resources to religious institutions or charities. This practice is rooted in various religious traditions, emphasizing the importance of giving back and supporting the community, and serves as a form of almsgiving that helps those in need.
Yom Kippur: Yom Kippur, also known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day in Judaism, marked by fasting, prayer, and reflection. It serves as a culmination of the Ten Days of Repentance, beginning with Rosh Hashanah, where individuals seek forgiveness from God for their sins and aim to improve themselves in the coming year. The observance emphasizes the importance of repentance, introspection, and making amends with others.
Zakat: Zakat is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, representing a form of almsgiving that is mandatory for Muslims. It involves giving a portion of one's wealth, typically 2.5% of savings and assets, to those in need, thus promoting social welfare and economic equality within the community. This practice is rooted in the early teachings of Muhammad and has significant implications during his life, particularly during the Hijra and Medinan period where community cohesion was essential.
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.
Back
Practice QuizGlossary
Practice QuizGlossary
Next guide