Key Democratic Principles to Know for Intro to Political Science

Key democratic principles form the foundation of a fair and just society. They ensure that government authority comes from the people, protect individual rights, and promote accountability, transparency, and inclusivity, all essential for a thriving democracy.

1. Popular sovereignty

   • The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people.
   • Citizens have the right to participate in decision-making processes, typically through voting.
   • Reflects the idea that government legitimacy comes from the will of the people.

2. Individual rights and liberties

   • Fundamental rights that protect individuals from government overreach, such as freedom of speech and religion.
   • Ensures that all citizens have equal protection under the law.
   • Essential for fostering a democratic society where diverse opinions can coexist.

3. Rule of law

   • The concept that law applies equally to all individuals, including government officials.
   • Prevents arbitrary governance and protects citizens from abuse of power.
   • Establishes a framework for justice and accountability within society.

4. Separation of powers

   • Divides government responsibilities into distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
   • Each branch operates independently to prevent the concentration of power.
   • Encourages a system of governance that is more responsive and accountable to the public.

5. Checks and balances

   • Mechanisms that allow each branch of government to limit the powers of the others.
   • Ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful or abuses its authority.
   • Promotes cooperation and compromise among branches, enhancing democratic governance.

6. Free and fair elections

   • Elections must be conducted impartially, allowing all eligible citizens to participate.
   • Ensures that the electoral process is transparent and free from fraud or coercion.
   • Vital for reflecting the will of the people and maintaining political legitimacy.

7. Majority rule with minority rights

   • The principle that the majority's decision should prevail while protecting the rights of minority groups.
   • Prevents the "tyranny of the majority" by ensuring that all voices are heard and respected.
   • Encourages inclusivity and social harmony within a diverse society.

8. Freedom of expression

   • The right to express ideas and opinions without fear of government retaliation or censorship.
   • Essential for a vibrant democracy, allowing for open debate and discussion.
   • Supports the exchange of diverse viewpoints, fostering informed citizenry.

9. Political pluralism

   • Acknowledges the coexistence of multiple political parties and interest groups within a society.
   • Encourages competition and diversity in political representation and ideas.
   • Strengthens democracy by ensuring that various perspectives are considered in governance.

10. Transparency and accountability

    • Government actions and decisions should be open to scrutiny by the public.
    • Officials must be held accountable for their actions, promoting trust in government.
    • Essential for preventing corruption and ensuring that government serves the interests of its citizens.