Jazz Chord Progressions to Know for Music History – Jazz

Jazz chord progressions are essential for understanding the genre's rich history and improvisational nature. Key progressions like ii-V-I and 12-bar blues form the backbone of many jazz standards, allowing musicians to express creativity and emotion through their performances.

1. ii-V-I progression

   • Fundamental building block of jazz harmony, often used in various styles.
   • Consists of the ii (minor) chord, V (dominant) chord, and I (major) chord.
   • Creates a strong resolution, making it essential for improvisation and composition.

2. 12-bar blues progression

   • A classic structure that forms the backbone of many jazz and blues tunes.
   • Typically follows a I-IV-V chord pattern over 12 measures.
   • Allows for expressive improvisation and storytelling through music.

3. Rhythm changes

   • Based on the chord progression of George Gershwin's "I Got Rhythm."
   • Features a AABA structure, with a specific set of chords for each section.
   • Widely used as a framework for improvisation in jazz standards.

4. I-vi-ii-V turnaround

   • A common progression used to transition back to the beginning of a phrase.
   • Involves moving from the I (major) chord to the vi (minor), then to ii (minor) and V (dominant).
   • Provides a smooth and effective way to cycle through chords.

5. Modal jazz progressions

   • Focus on modes rather than traditional chord changes, allowing for more freedom in improvisation.
   • Often emphasizes a single chord or mode for extended periods.
   • Pioneered by artists like Miles Davis and John Coltrane, leading to new harmonic explorations.

6. iii-vi-ii-V progression

   • A common sequence that creates a smooth descending bass line.
   • Often used in jazz standards to add harmonic interest and complexity.
   • Serves as a bridge to return to the I chord, enhancing the overall flow of the music.

7. Tritone substitution

   • A technique where a dominant chord is replaced by another dominant chord a tritone away.
   • Creates tension and unexpected resolutions, adding depth to progressions.
   • Commonly used in ii-V-I progressions to enhance harmonic movement.

8. Circle of fifths progression

   • Involves moving through chords in intervals of a fifth, creating a sense of forward motion.
   • Often used in jazz to establish key changes and modulations.
   • Provides a framework for improvisation and can lead to interesting harmonic variations.

9. Minor ii-V-i progression

   • A variation of the ii-V-I progression specifically for minor keys.
   • Consists of a minor ii chord, dominant V chord, and minor i chord.
   • Essential for jazz musicians to master, as it appears frequently in minor jazz standards.

10. Jazz ballad progressions

    • Typically slower tempos with rich harmonic textures, allowing for emotional expression.
    • Often utilize extended chords and substitutions to create lush sounds.
    • Focus on lyrical melodies and improvisation that convey deep feelings and narratives.