Heat-Related Illnesses to Know for First Aid

Heat-related illnesses can strike when temperatures soar, especially during physical activity. Understanding these conditions—like heat cramps, exhaustion, and stroke—helps you provide effective first aid and prevent serious health risks in hot weather. Stay cool and informed!

1. Heat Cramps

   • Involuntary muscle spasms, often occurring in the legs or abdomen, due to loss of electrolytes and dehydration.
   • Commonly experienced during intense physical activity in hot weather.
   • First aid includes moving the person to a cooler place, hydrating with water or electrolyte drinks, and gently stretching the affected muscles.

2. Heat Exhaustion

   • Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache, indicating the body is overheating.
   • Can progress to heat stroke if not treated promptly.
   • First aid involves moving the person to a cooler environment, providing cool water or sports drinks, and applying cool, wet cloths to the skin.

3. Heat Stroke

   • A severe medical emergency characterized by a body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or higher, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
   • The body's cooling mechanisms fail, leading to potential organ damage or death.
   • First aid requires immediate medical attention, cooling the person with ice packs or cool water, and monitoring vital signs until help arrives.

4. Heat Syncope (Fainting)

   • Occurs when a person faints due to prolonged standing or sudden changes in position in hot environments.
   • Symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, and loss of consciousness.
   • First aid includes laying the person down in a cool place, elevating their legs, and providing hydration once they regain consciousness.

5. Heat Rash

   • A skin condition caused by excessive sweating, leading to red, itchy bumps or blisters.
   • Common in hot, humid conditions and can lead to discomfort but is generally not serious.
   • First aid involves moving to a cooler area, keeping the skin dry, and using calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream to relieve itching.