Krishna

Definition

Krishna is a major deity in Hinduism, recognized as the eighth avatar of the god Vishnu and revered as the Supreme Being in various traditions. He is a central figure in the Sanskrit epics, particularly the Mahabharata, where he plays a pivotal role as a charioteer, advisor, and friend to the Pandava prince Arjuna, providing profound philosophical teachings through the Bhagavad Gita.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Krishna is often depicted as a young boy playing the flute or as an adult charioteer guiding Arjuna in battle.
2. His life and teachings emphasize love, devotion (bhakti), and righteousness (dharma), making him a beloved figure in many devotional traditions.
3. The stories of Krishna's childhood exploits, known as 'lilas', include his playful interactions with the gopis (cowherd girls) and his defeat of various demons.
4. Krishna's teachings in the Bhagavad Gita cover concepts such as duty, righteousness, devotion, and the nature of reality, impacting Hindu philosophy significantly.
5. He is celebrated annually in festivals such as Janmashtami, which marks his birth and includes joyous celebrations and reenactments of his life.

Review Questions

• How does Krishna's role in the Mahabharata reflect the themes of duty and righteousness?
  • In the Mahabharata, Krishna serves as a guide to Arjuna during the Kurukshetra War, emphasizing the importance of duty (dharma) over personal feelings. His teachings address Arjuna's moral dilemmas about fighting against family members and friends. By encouraging Arjuna to fulfill his warrior duties while remaining detached from outcomes, Krishna illustrates how one can maintain righteousness amidst complex moral situations.
• Analyze how Krishna's teachings in the Bhagavad Gita influence Hindu philosophy and practice today.
  • Krishna's teachings in the Bhagavad Gita profoundly impact Hindu philosophy by introducing concepts such as yoga, selfless action (karma yoga), and devotion (bhakti). These principles shape various aspects of Hindu spiritual practice, guiding individuals towards achieving spiritual liberation. The Gita's emphasis on understanding one's duty while maintaining a connection to the divine continues to inspire millions in their daily lives.
• Evaluate the significance of Krishna's childhood stories in shaping cultural perceptions of divinity within Hinduism.
  • The childhood stories of Krishna are vital in shaping how divinity is perceived within Hindu culture. These narratives highlight qualities like playfulness, compassion, and mischief that make Krishna relatable to devotees. By portraying him as both a divine figure and an endearing child, these stories bridge the gap between humanity and divinity, fostering deep emotional connections with followers. The celebrations surrounding these tales also reinforce community bonds and cultural identity among Hindus.

Related terms

Vishnu: One of the principal deities of Hinduism, known as the preserver and protector of the universe, who incarnates in various forms, including Krishna.

Mahabharata: An ancient Indian epic that narrates the story of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and Pandava princes, with Krishna being a significant character.

Bhagavad Gita: A 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Mahabharata, consisting of a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna, addressing moral dilemmas and philosophical questions.