Varna refers to the ancient Indian social class system, which categorizes society into four main groups: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and landowners), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). This classification played a vital role in shaping social structures, religious practices, and economic interactions in Vedic India, continuing through the period of the Maurya Empire.
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