Presbyterians

Definition

Presbyterians are members of a Protestant Christian denomination that emphasizes the governance of the church by a body of elders (presbyters) and a strong commitment to the authority of Scripture. This denomination has its roots in the Reformation, particularly in the teachings of John Calvin, and it played an important role in shaping religious and political life in colonial America, as well as influencing societal movements such as the Great Awakening.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Presbyterianism became prominent in America during the 17th century, particularly with the establishment of the first presbytery in 1706.
2. The Presbyterian Church played a significant role in promoting education and social justice, often being involved in various reform movements throughout American history.
3. The doctrine of predestination is central to Presbyterian belief, indicating that God has already chosen who will be saved.
4. During the Great Awakening, many Presbyterians experienced a revival in their congregations, leading to increased fervor and growth within the denomination.
5. Presbyterians have historically been involved in politics, with many leaders from this denomination participating in the early governance of the United States.

Review Questions

• How did Presbyterianism influence the social and political landscape during its emergence in America?
  • Presbyterianism significantly influenced both social and political aspects of early American life by promoting democratic governance within the church and advocating for education and social justice. The structure of church leadership, governed by elected elders, mirrored democratic principles that were emerging in colonial governance. This participation encouraged Presbyterians to engage actively in societal reform movements and political discussions, laying a foundation for a participatory political culture.
• In what ways did the Great Awakening affect the Presbyterian Church and its followers?
  • The Great Awakening revitalized Presbyterian congregations by infusing them with emotional fervor and encouraging personal connections to faith. This movement led to increased attendance at services and the formation of new congregations. Additionally, it brought about a sense of unity among Presbyterians as they collectively engaged in revivalist practices, ultimately strengthening their presence and influence within American religious life.
• Evaluate how Presbyterian beliefs about governance and authority shaped their role in American society during the Enlightenment period.
  • Presbyterian beliefs emphasized a representative form of governance that paralleled Enlightenment ideals about democracy and individual rights. The emphasis on elders leading congregations reflected broader notions of rationality and moral order emerging during this period. This theological perspective contributed to an environment where religious leaders not only shaped spiritual lives but also engaged in discussions about governance and civil liberties, advocating for a society that aligned with both faith-based values and Enlightenment principles.

Related terms

Calvinism: A branch of Protestant theology based on the teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.

Elders: Leaders in the Presbyterian church who are elected to govern and guide the congregation, reflecting the system of governance within Presbyterianism.

Congregationalism: A form of church governance where each congregation is independent and self-governing, differing from Presbyterian governance which includes higher governing bodies.