Presidency

Definition

The presidency is the executive branch of the United States government, headed by the President, who serves as both the head of state and government. This role encompasses the execution of federal laws, administration of the executive branch, and representation of the nation in diplomatic matters. The significance of the presidency has evolved over time, shaped by the actions and policies of its occupants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The presidency was established by the U.S. Constitution in 1787, outlining its powers, responsibilities, and limitations.
2. George Washington set many precedents during his presidency, including the formation of a cabinet and a two-term limit for future presidents.
3. Thomas Jefferson expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which was not explicitly authorized by the Constitution.
4. The presidency has grown in influence over time, particularly during times of crisis, such as during the Civil War and World War II.
5. The impeachment process is a critical check on presidential power, allowing Congress to remove a president for 'high crimes and misdemeanors.'

Review Questions

• How did George Washington's presidency shape the expectations and norms surrounding the office?
  • George Washington's presidency established foundational precedents that would define the office for future leaders. He set a standard for a two-term limit that emphasized the importance of avoiding tyranny, and he also formed a cabinet that allowed for collaboration and diverse perspectives in governance. Washington's decision to step down after two terms reinforced democratic principles and served as a model for future presidents.
• In what ways did Thomas Jefferson's actions during his presidency expand the role of the executive branch?
  • Thomas Jefferson expanded presidential power through significant actions like the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, which doubled the size of the United States but was not explicitly authorized by the Constitution. This bold move demonstrated how presidents could interpret their powers broadly to achieve national interests. Jefferson’s presidency illustrated a shift towards a more active and influential executive role in shaping domestic policy and territorial expansion.
• Evaluate how the presidency has evolved in response to national crises, particularly in terms of expanding executive power.
  • The presidency has significantly evolved in response to national crises such as the Civil War and World War II, with each event prompting an expansion of executive power. During these times, presidents took decisive actions that stretched their constitutional authority to ensure national security and unity. For instance, Abraham Lincoln suspended habeas corpus during the Civil War, while Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented extensive programs during the Great Depression. This evolution reflects a pattern where crises have led to increased expectations for presidential leadership and action.

Related terms

Executive Order: A directive issued by the President of the United States to manage the operations of the federal government.

Cabinet: A group of advisors to the President, consisting of heads of executive departments and other key officials, who assist in making decisions and implementing policies.

Veto Power: The constitutional authority of the President to reject legislation passed by Congress, preventing it from becoming law.