Iceland

Definition

Iceland is an island nation located in the North Atlantic Ocean, known for its unique geological features and Viking history. It was one of the first regions settled by Norse explorers and became a crucial part of Viking society and culture, acting as a base for further exploration and expansion into other territories.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Iceland was settled by Norsemen around 874 AD, marking the beginning of significant Norse influence in the region.
2. The island's geography, with its volcanic activity and unique landscapes, played a key role in shaping the lifestyle and culture of its Viking inhabitants.
3. Iceland was a vital stop for Viking explorers on their way to Greenland and North America, facilitating further exploration across the Atlantic.
4. The establishment of the Althing in 930 AD created a framework for governance and law among the settlers, emphasizing a sense of community.
5. Due to its isolation and distinct environment, Iceland developed a unique Norse culture that blended traditional Viking customs with adaptations to local conditions.

Review Questions

• How did the geography of Iceland influence Viking settlement and expansion?
  • The rugged terrain and volcanic features of Iceland influenced how Vikings adapted their settlement strategies. The island's natural resources allowed for sustainable farming and fishing, which were critical for survival. Additionally, its location served as an ideal staging ground for further exploration across the Atlantic, leading to discoveries like Greenland and parts of North America.
• What role did the Althing play in establishing Iceland's governance during the Viking Age?
  • The Althing was crucial in shaping Iceland's governance by providing a platform for law-making and conflict resolution among settlers. Established around 930 AD, it allowed diverse groups within the community to participate in decision-making processes. This democratic approach fostered a sense of unity among the settlers while establishing a legal system that governed their interactions.
• Evaluate the significance of Iceland as a center for Norse exploration during the Viking Age and its impact on subsequent European exploration.
  • Iceland served as a pivotal center for Norse exploration during the Viking Age, enabling expeditions to Greenland and beyond. Its strategic location made it an essential waypoint for Vikings traveling westward across the Atlantic. This not only contributed to Norse settlements in North America but also set the stage for future European explorations during the Age of Discovery. The experiences gained by Viking explorers would influence navigation techniques and maritime practices for centuries to come.

Related terms

Norsemen: Seafaring warriors from Scandinavia, primarily Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, known for their raids and explorations during the Viking Age.

Althing:

The national parliament of Iceland, established around 930 AD, making it one of the oldest parliaments in the world.

Settlement Era: The period in the late 9th to early 10th centuries when Norse settlers arrived in Iceland and established communities.