Aquila

Definition

The aquila, or eagle, was a symbol of power and authority in ancient Rome, especially associated with the military and the legions. As a standard or emblem, it represented the might of the Roman Empire and was often used in official portraiture to convey strength and leadership, particularly in relation to Augustus and his portrayal as a ruler.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The aquila was carried into battle by Roman legions as a powerful symbol of their unity and allegiance to the emperor.
2. When a legion lost its aquila in battle, it was considered a great disgrace, leading to severe punishment for the soldiers involved.
3. Augustus used imagery of the aquila in his official portraits to reinforce his position as a strong leader and military victor.
4. The eagle was often depicted perched atop a staff or on altars, signifying its importance in Roman religion and military culture.
5. The association of the aquila with divine favor contributed to Augustus' portrayal as not just a political leader but also as a semi-divine figure.

Review Questions

• How did the aquila function as a symbol of power for Augustus and the Roman legions?
  • The aquila served as a potent symbol of authority and unity within the Roman legions, representing their loyalty to the emperor. For Augustus, incorporating the aquila into his official portrait types emphasized his military prowess and divine favor, enhancing his image as a strong leader. This connection between the aquila and Augustus solidified his position not only as a political figure but also as a military commander dedicated to the glory of Rome.
• In what ways did losing an aquila impact Roman soldiers and their perception of loyalty?
  • Losing an aquila during battle was considered one of the worst failures for a Roman legion, severely damaging the unit's honor and reputation. Soldiers faced harsh penalties for this loss, which instilled a deep sense of loyalty to their standard. The consequences underscored how critical the aquila was not just as a military standard but also as a representation of their commitment to Augustus and the Roman state.
• Evaluate how the representation of the aquila in Augustus' portrait types reflects broader themes of power and divinity in Augustan Rome.
  • The representation of the aquila in Augustus' portrait types highlights key themes such as power, authority, and divine association. By showcasing this symbol, Augustus crafted an image that intertwined military success with divine endorsement, reinforcing his rule during a time of transformation in Rome. The aquila’s prominence in art not only conveyed military strength but also helped elevate Augustus' status from mere ruler to a figure worthy of reverence, thus shaping public perception and solidifying his legacy as a pivotal leader in Roman history.

Related terms

Legion: A large unit of the Roman army, typically consisting of around 5,000 soldiers, known for its discipline and effectiveness in battle.

Imperial Cult:

A religious practice in ancient Rome that involved the worship of emperors as divine figures, promoting loyalty to the state and its leaders.

Proclamation: An official announcement or declaration that conveys important information or events, often used by emperors to communicate policies or achievements.