Republican Period

Definition

The Republican Period refers to the time in Roman history from 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown, until 27 BC, when Augustus became the first emperor. This era is characterized by the establishment of a republican form of government and significant developments in art, architecture, and culture that reflected the values and ideals of Roman society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Republican Period saw the development of key architectural forms like basilicas and temples that served both political and religious functions.
2. This era was marked by a focus on realism in sculpture, reflecting individual traits and virtues, as seen in portraits of notable figures like statesmen and military leaders.
3. Mosaics and wall paintings became popular during this time, often depicting scenes of daily life, mythology, and historical events, showcasing Roman values and culture.
4. The political turmoil of the Republican Period led to changes in art that often conveyed messages about power, civic duty, and moral virtue.
5. Important events during this time include the Punic Wars, which influenced both Roman society and its artistic expressions through themes of conquest and glory.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of a republican government during the Republican Period influence Roman art and architecture?
  • The establishment of a republican government during the Republican Period fostered a sense of civic pride and responsibility among citizens. This was reflected in art and architecture as structures like basilicas served both administrative and community functions. Artists began creating works that celebrated individual virtues, historical achievements, and civic duty, which helped solidify the identity of Rome as a powerful republic.
• In what ways did the social structure of patricians and plebeians impact artistic expression during the Republican Period?
  • The social structure of patricians and plebeians had a significant impact on artistic expression during the Republican Period. Art often catered to patrician tastes, promoting ideals such as heroism, virtue, and public service. However, as plebeians gained more political power over time, art also began to reflect their values and experiences, leading to a richer diversity in themes presented in sculptures, paintings, and mosaics.
• Evaluate how historical events such as the Punic Wars influenced artistic developments during the Republican Period in Rome.
  • Historical events like the Punic Wars had a profound influence on artistic developments during the Republican Period. The wars not only expanded Rome's territory but also instilled a sense of national pride that artists tapped into. Artworks from this era often depicted military victories, celebrated heroic figures, and conveyed messages about power and glory. As Rome faced both triumphs and challenges, these themes resonated throughout their art and architecture, reflecting the broader societal values of resilience and ambition.

Related terms

Res Publica: A Latin term meaning 'public matter,' used to describe the Roman Republic's political system where officials were elected and accountable to the citizens.

Senate: The governing body of the Roman Republic, composed of wealthy and influential citizens who advised magistrates and influenced legislation.

Patricians and Plebeians: The two main social classes in the Roman Republic; patricians were the elite class with political power, while plebeians were common citizens with limited rights.