Oscillation

Definition

Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value or between two or more different states. It is commonly seen in mechanical systems like pendulums and springs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a type of oscillation where the restoring force is directly proportional to displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement.
2. The period $T$ of an oscillating system is the time it takes to complete one full cycle.
3. Frequency $f$ is the number of oscillations per unit time and is inversely related to the period: $f = \frac{1}{T}$.
4. The amplitude $A$ of an oscillation is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
5. The energy in simple harmonic motion alternates between kinetic and potential energy but the total mechanical energy remains constant if no damping forces are present.

Review Questions

• What factors determine the period of a simple harmonic oscillator?
• How does amplitude affect the frequency of oscillation in SHM?
• Explain how energy conservation applies to simple harmonic motion.

Related terms

Amplitude:

The maximum extent of a vibration or displacement from the equilibrium position.

Frequency:

The number of oscillations per unit time, usually measured in Hertz (Hz).

Restoring Force:

A force that gives rise to an equilibrium in a physical system. In SHM, it is proportional to displacement and directed towards equilibrium.