Hohmann transfer

Definition

A Hohmann transfer is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two circular orbits of different radii in the same plane. It uses two engine impulses to achieve the desired transfer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Hohmann transfer involves two main burns: one to move the spacecraft onto an elliptical transfer orbit, and another to circularize the orbit at the new radius.
2. It is the most fuel-efficient way to move between two orbits, assuming no time constraints.
3. The total delta-v required for a Hohmann transfer can be calculated by summing the delta-v for each of the two burns.
4. Hohmann transfers are only efficient when moving between orbits that are not too far apart because large differences in orbital radii make other methods more efficient.
5. Although ideal for co-planar orbits, Hohmann transfers do not work well when there is a significant inclination change needed.

Review Questions

• What are the two main burns involved in a Hohmann transfer?
• Why is a Hohmann transfer considered fuel-efficient?
• In what scenario might a Hohmann transfer not be the most efficient method?

Related terms

Delta-v:

The change in velocity needed to perform orbital maneuvers.

Elliptical Orbit:

An orbit with an elliptical shape, characterized by varying distances from the central body.

Orbital Inclination: The tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body, measured in degrees from a reference plane.