Compressive stress

Definition

Compressive stress is the internal force per unit area that tends to reduce the length of a material along the direction of the applied force. It is measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Compressive stress occurs when a material is subjected to axial forces that push inward.
2. It is calculated using the formula $\sigma = \frac{F}{A}$, where $\sigma$ is compressive stress, $F$ is the applied force, and $A$ is the cross-sectional area.
3. Materials can deform elastically or plastically under compressive stress depending on their properties and the magnitude of the force.
4. The elastic modulus, specifically Young's modulus, can be used to determine how much a material will deform under compressive stress.
5. In engineering applications, understanding compressive stress is crucial for designing structures that can withstand loads without buckling.

Review Questions

• What is the formula for calculating compressive stress?
• How does Young's modulus relate to compressive stress?
• Why is it important to understand compressive stress in engineering?

Related terms

Tensile Stress:

The internal force per unit area that tends to elongate a material along the direction of the applied force.

Shear Stress:

The internal force per unit area acting parallel to a plane within a material.

Elastic Modulus:

A measure of a material's ability to resist deformation when subjected to an external force; includes Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus.