Transfusion-associated circulatory overload

Definition

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is a complication of blood transfusion characterized by acute pulmonary edema due to volume overload. It can occur when the transfused volume or rate exceeds what the recipient's cardiovascular system can manage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TACO typically presents within 6 hours of a blood transfusion.
2. Symptoms include dyspnea, hypertension, tachycardia, and jugular venous distension.
3. Risk factors for TACO include pre-existing heart failure, renal insufficiency, and rapid infusion rates.
4. Management includes stopping the transfusion, administering diuretics, and providing oxygen therapy.
5. TACO is different from transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), which involves immune-mediated lung damage.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms of TACO?
• How soon after a blood transfusion does TACO usually present?
• What are common risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing TACO?

Related terms

Dyspnea:

Difficulty or labored breathing often seen in TACO patients.

Pulmonary Edema:

Fluid accumulation in the lungs, a key feature of TACO.

Diuretics:

Medications used to reduce fluid overload in conditions like TACO.