Sedative

Definition

A sedative is a type of medication that depresses the central nervous system, leading to relaxation and reduced anxiety. They are often used to treat conditions like insomnia, anxiety, and agitation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sedatives can be classified into different categories such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and non-benzodiazepine sleep medications.
2. One common use of sedatives in psychiatric care is to manage acute agitation or severe anxiety in patients with psychotic disorders.
3. Long-term use of sedatives can lead to tolerance, dependence, and potentially severe withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.
4. Sedatives work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor in the brain.
5. Common side effects of sedatives include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and potential respiratory depression.

Review Questions

• What are three main categories of sedative drugs?
• Why should long-term use of sedatives be monitored carefully?
• How do sedatives typically exert their effects on the central nervous system?

Related terms

Benzodiazepines:

A class of psychoactive drugs known for their use as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants.

Barbiturates:

Central nervous system depressants that can produce a wide spectrum of effects from mild sedation to total anesthesia.

Non-benzodiazepine Sleep Medications: Drugs that induce sleep but have distinct pharmacological profiles compared to benzodiazepines.