Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate used primarily as an anticonvulsant to control seizures. It enhances the activity of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Phenobarbital is often used to treat generalized and partial seizures.
It works by increasing the duration of chloride ion channel opening at the GABA-A receptor, leading to hyperpolarization of neurons.
Common side effects include sedation, cognitive impairment, and dependency with long-term use.
Phenobarbital has a half-life ranging from 53 to 118 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing in most cases.
It is metabolized by the liver and can induce hepatic enzymes, potentially affecting the metabolism of other drugs.
Review Questions
What types of seizures is Phenobarbital commonly used to treat?
Describe how Phenobarbital enhances GABA activity in the CNS.
What are some common side effects associated with long-term use of Phenobarbital?