Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles. It occurs due to the destruction or blockage of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
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MG often presents with ptosis, diplopia, and generalized muscle weakness that worsens with activity.
The mainstay pharmacological treatment for MG involves acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like pyridostigmine.
Immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids and azathioprine are also used to manage MG symptoms.
Thymectomy, the surgical removal of the thymus gland, can be beneficial in some patients with MG.
MG crises, which can involve respiratory failure, require immediate medical intervention including plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
Review Questions
What are the common initial symptoms of myasthenia gravis?
Which class of drugs is primarily used in treating myasthenia gravis?
Why might a thymectomy be considered as a treatment option for some patients with MG?
Related terms
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Drugs that prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its availability at neuromuscular junctions.
Autoimmune disorder: A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.