Low-density lipoproteins (LDL or LDL-cholesterol)

Definition

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL or LDL-cholesterol) are a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues. Elevated levels of LDL are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. LDL is often referred to as 'bad cholesterol' because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.
2. Statins are commonly prescribed medications that lower LDL levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.
3. The optimal level of LDL-cholesterol in the blood should be less than 100 mg/dL.
4. LDL particles vary in size; smaller, denser particles are more atherogenic compared to larger, buoyant ones.
5. Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise can significantly impact LDL levels.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the body?
• Why is LDL often referred to as 'bad cholesterol'?
• Which class of drugs is most commonly used to lower elevated LDL levels?

Related terms

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL): A type of lipoprotein known as 'good cholesterol' that helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Statins:

A class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce cholesterol production in the liver.

Atherosclerosis:

A condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits along arterial walls, often linked to high LDL levels.