Insulin sensitizers

Definition

Insulin sensitizers are a class of oral medications that enhance the body's response to insulin, making it more effective in lowering blood sugar levels. They primarily target insulin resistance and are commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The two main types of insulin sensitizers are metformin and thiazolidinediones (TZDs).
2. Metformin is often the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy and safety profile.
3. Thiazolidinediones work by activating PPAR-gamma receptors, which improve insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver.
4. Common side effects of metformin include gastrointestinal issues like nausea and diarrhea, while TZDs can cause weight gain and edema.
5. Insulin sensitizers do not directly stimulate insulin production; instead, they help the body use its own insulin more effectively.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of insulin sensitizers used in type 2 diabetes treatment?
• How do thiazolidinediones improve insulin sensitivity?
• What is a common side effect associated with metformin?

Related terms

Metformin:

A biguanide class drug that enhances insulin sensitivity, primarily used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs): A class of drugs that activate PPAR-gamma receptors to improve insulin sensitivity in various tissues.

Insulin Resistance:

A condition where cells in the body become less responsive to insulin, leading to higher blood sugar levels.