Glucophage XR

Definition

Glucophage XR is an extended-release formulation of metformin, a first-line oral antidiabetic drug used to manage type 2 diabetes. It helps control blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glucophage XR is typically taken once daily with the evening meal to enhance its effectiveness and reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
2. The extended-release formulation allows for a gradual release of the medication, leading to more stable blood glucose levels over time.
3. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.
4. It is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment due to the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious complication.
5. Patients should have their kidney function monitored regularly while on Glucophage XR.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for Glucophage XR in managing type 2 diabetes?
• Why is Glucophage XR usually taken with the evening meal?
• What major precaution should be considered regarding renal function when prescribing Glucophage XR?

Related terms

Metformin:

A biguanide class drug that lowers blood sugar levels primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production.

Lactic Acidosis:

A rare but serious potential side effect of metformin characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream.

Insulin Sensitivity:

The effectiveness of insulin in promoting glucose uptake into tissues; improved sensitivity reduces blood glucose levels.