Angioedema

Definition

Angioedema is a rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It can be life-threatening if it affects the airway and often occurs as an adverse reaction to certain medications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Angioedema can be triggered by medications such as ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, and some psychopharmacologic drugs.
2. Common symptoms include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat, and sometimes extremities.
3. Treatment often involves discontinuation of the offending drug and administration of antihistamines or corticosteroids.
4. Patients with hereditary angioedema may require specific treatments like C1 esterase inhibitor concentrates.
5. In severe cases where the airway is compromised, immediate emergency treatment including epinephrine may be necessary.

Review Questions

• What are common drug classes that can trigger angioedema?
• Which first-line treatments are typically used for managing angioedema?
• How does hereditary angioedema differ in treatment from drug-induced angioedema?

Related terms

Anaphylaxis:

A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly.

Histamine:

A compound involved in local immune responses that triggers inflammation and symptoms of allergic reactions.

Corticosteroids:

A class of steroid hormones used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.