Alteplase

Definition

Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used to dissolve blood clots in conditions like myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism. It works by converting plasminogen to plasmin, leading to fibrinolysis of clots.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alteplase is used in the acute treatment of ischemic stroke within 3-4.5 hours of symptom onset.
2. It is contraindicated in patients with active internal bleeding or a history of recent intracranial hemorrhage.
3. The drug is administered intravenously and requires careful monitoring for signs of bleeding.
4. Alteplase has a short half-life and is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream.
5. Patients receiving Alteplase should be monitored for angioedema as a potential side effect.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for Alteplase?
• Why must Alteplase be administered within a specific time window for ischemic stroke?
• What are two major contraindications for the use of Alteplase?

Related terms

Heparin:

An anticoagulant that prevents clot formation by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa.

Aspirin:

An antiplatelet agent that inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), reducing thromboxane A2 production.

Streptokinase:

A thrombolytic agent that activates plasminogen to form plasmin, similar to tPA but derived from bacterial sources.