Adrenal glands

Definition

Adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline. These hormones regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress response.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The adrenal cortex produces corticosteroids like cortisol and aldosterone.
2. The adrenal medulla releases catecholamines including adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
3. Cortisol is crucial for glucose metabolism and the body's stress response.
4. Aldosterone helps regulate sodium and potassium levels to control blood pressure.
5. Disorders like Addison's disease result from insufficient hormone production by the adrenal cortex.

Review Questions

• What are the primary hormones produced by the adrenal cortex?
• How does aldosterone affect blood pressure?
• What role does cortisol play in the body's stress response?

Related terms

Hypothalamus:

A region of the brain that regulates pituitary gland function and links the nervous system to the endocrine system.

Pituitary Gland:

A small gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones influencing various bodily functions, including growth and reproduction.

Corticosteroids:

A class of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex involved in a wide range of physiological processes including immune response and stress regulation.