Transport protein

Definition

Transport proteins are molecules that facilitate the movement of substances across cell membranes. They play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper physiological function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transport proteins are crucial for the passage of nutrients like glucose and amino acids into neurons.
2. They help in maintaining the electrochemical gradients essential for nerve impulse transmission.
3. Certain neurological disorders can be linked to dysfunctions in specific transport proteins.
4. Transport proteins include channels, carriers, and pumps, each with distinct mechanisms of action.
5. Proper functioning of transport proteins is vital for sustaining the blood-brain barrier's selective permeability.

Review Questions

• What roles do transport proteins play in neuron function?
• How can dysfunctions in transport proteins affect neurological health?
• Describe the different types of transport proteins and their mechanisms.

Related terms

Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

Blood-Brain Barrier:

A selective permeability barrier preventing certain substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream.

Electrochemical Gradient: The combined effect of an ion's concentration gradient and electrical gradient across a membrane.