Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Definition

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a condition where excessive levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) cause the body to retain water and dilute blood sodium levels. It can lead to complications such as hyponatremia and affects fluid and electrolyte balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. SIADH is often associated with neurological disorders, including brain injuries, tumors, and infections.
2. Common symptoms include nausea, headache, confusion, weakness, and seizures due to low sodium levels.
3. Diagnosis typically involves measuring serum sodium concentration, urine osmolality, and ADH levels.
4. Treatment approaches may include fluid restriction, salt tablets, and medications like demeclocycline or vasopressin receptor antagonists.
5. Proper nutritional management for patients with SIADH includes monitoring fluid intake and ensuring adequate dietary sodium.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms associated with SIADH?
• How is SIADH diagnosed in a clinical setting?
• What nutritional strategies should be implemented for managing SIADH?

Related terms

Hyponatremia:

A condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, often caused by excessive water retention.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that helps regulate water balance in the body by reducing urine output.

Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists: Medications used to treat conditions like SIADH by blocking the action of ADH on its receptors.