Parathyroid gland

Definition

The parathyroid gland is a small endocrine gland located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps increase blood calcium levels.
2. Adequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D is essential for proper functioning of the parathyroid glands.
3. Hyperparathyroidism can lead to osteoporosis due to excessive breakdown of bone tissue.
4. Hypoparathyroidism results in low levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause muscle cramps and spasms.
5. Nutritional imbalances, such as magnesium deficiency, can affect PTH secretion and function.

Review Questions

• What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and what is its primary function?
• How does adequate vitamin D intake support parathyroid gland function?
• What are the potential health consequences of hyperparathyroidism?

Related terms

Calcium:

A mineral essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels in the blood.

Hyperparathyroidism:

A condition where excessive PTH leads to high calcium levels and potential bone loss.