Korsakoff’s syndrome

Definition

Korsakoff's syndrome is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), often associated with prolonged alcohol abuse. It primarily affects the brain and central nervous system, leading to significant neurological impairments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Korsakoff's syndrome is commonly preceded by Wernicke's encephalopathy, a brief but severe neurological disorder.
2. Thiamine deficiency disrupts glucose metabolism, which is critical for brain function.
3. Symptoms include amnesia, confabulation (making up stories), and difficulty acquiring new information or skills.
4. Proper nutrition, particularly adequate intake of vitamin B1, is essential in preventing Korsakoff's syndrome.
5. Treatment involves thiamine supplementation and addressing underlying causes such as alcohol abuse.

Review Questions

• What nutritional deficiency leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?
• How does Korsakoff's syndrome typically present in affected individuals?
• What role does proper nutrition play in the prevention of Korsakoff's syndrome?

Related terms

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: An acute neurological condition characterized by confusion, ophthalmoplegia (eye movement abnormalities), and ataxia due to thiamine deficiency.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1): An essential nutrient that helps convert food into energy and plays a crucial role in nerve function.

Confabulation: A symptom where individuals create false memories without the intention to deceive, often seen in neurological disorders like Korsakoff's syndrome.