Hepatic encephalopathy

Definition

Hepatic encephalopathy is a decline in brain function resulting from severe liver disease. Toxins that are normally removed by the liver accumulate in the bloodstream and affect the brain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hepatic encephalopathy can cause symptoms ranging from subtle mental changes to deep coma.
2. Ammonia buildup in the blood is often implicated in hepatic encephalopathy.
3. Nutritional management includes reducing protein intake to limit ammonia production.
4. Lactulose, a synthetic sugar, is commonly used to treat this condition by promoting excretion of ammonia.
5. Early detection and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Review Questions

• What are common symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy?
• How does ammonia contribute to hepatic encephalopathy?
• What role does lactulose play in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?

Related terms

Cirrhosis:

A chronic liver disease marked by degeneration of liver cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue.

Ammonia: A waste product formed primarily from protein breakdown, which is typically processed and detoxified by the liver.

Lactulose: A medication used to treat or prevent complications of liver disease by decreasing blood ammonia levels.