Cysteine stones

Definition

Cysteine stones are a type of kidney stone that form due to an inherited disorder called cystinuria, which causes excessive cysteine in the urine. They are less common than other types of kidney stones and require specific dietary management.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cysteine stones are caused by a genetic condition known as cystinuria.
2. These stones tend to form in acidic urine; hence, maintaining alkaline urine is crucial for prevention.
3. Patients with cysteine stones should increase their fluid intake to at least 3-4 liters per day.
4. Dietary modifications include reducing sodium and animal protein intake to lower cysteine levels in the urine.
5. Medications like potassium citrate may be prescribed to help prevent stone formation by alkalizing the urine.

Review Questions

• What genetic condition causes cysteine stones?
• Why is it important for patients with cysteine stones to maintain alkaline urine?
• List two dietary recommendations for managing cysteine stones.

Related terms

Cystinuria: A hereditary disorder that leads to high levels of cysteine in the urine, causing stone formation.

Potassium Citrate: A medication used to alkalize urine, helping prevent the formation of certain types of kidney stones including cysteine stones.

Nephrolithiasis: The medical term for kidney stone disease, involving the crystallization of substances within the kidneys.