Cadmium

Definition

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal found in the environment and various industrial processes. It can accumulate in the body through food, water, and air, leading to detrimental health effects, particularly on the neurological system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chronic exposure to cadmium can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
2. Cadmium interferes with calcium channels in neuronal cells, disrupting neurotransmitter release and synaptic function.
3. Sources of cadmium exposure include contaminated food (especially leafy vegetables and shellfish), cigarette smoke, and industrial emissions.
4. Cadmium can cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation in neural tissues.
5. Elevated cadmium levels are associated with cognitive deficits and decreased motor function.

Review Questions

• How does chronic exposure to cadmium affect neurological health?
• What are some common sources of cadmium exposure?
• Why is cadmium particularly harmful to the nervous system?

Related terms

Neurotoxicity: The degree to which substances can harm the nervous system.

Oxidative Stress:

An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants that leads to cell damage.

Blood-Brain Barrier:

A selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the bloodstream.