Cheyenne

Definition

The Cheyenne are a Native American tribe originally from the Great Plains, known for their rich cultural heritage and historical significance. They are divided into two main divisions: the Northern Cheyenne and the Southern Cheyenne, both of which played crucial roles in the resistance against European American encroachment in the 19th century. Their society is characterized by a strong communal structure, with an emphasis on warrior traditions and spiritual beliefs that connect them to the land.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Cheyenne traditionally lived in teepees made from buffalo hides, reflecting their nomadic lifestyle and dependence on buffalo for food, clothing, and shelter.
2. During the Indian Wars of the 19th century, the Cheyenne were involved in significant conflicts, including the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, where many Cheyenne were killed by U.S. troops.
3. The Northern Cheyenne Reservation is located in Montana, while the Southern Cheyenne are primarily located in Oklahoma.
4. The Cheyenne language belongs to the Algonquian language family, which connects them linguistically to other tribes in North America.
5. Today, both divisions of the Cheyenne tribe continue to work towards preserving their cultural heritage and advocating for their rights within the framework of U.S. law.

Review Questions

• What are the key differences between the Northern and Southern Cheyenne, and how have these divisions influenced their contemporary identity?
  • The Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne are distinct divisions that arose due to historical migration patterns and treaties. The Northern Cheyenne primarily reside on a reservation in Montana, while the Southern Cheyenne were relocated to Oklahoma following the Indian Wars. These differences have influenced their contemporary identities, as they navigate cultural preservation and tribal governance within varying legal contexts and socio-economic conditions.
• How did treaties such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie impact the Cheyenne tribe's territorial rights and their relationship with the U.S. government?
  • Treaties like the Treaty of Fort Laramie were intended to protect the territorial rights of tribes like the Cheyenne, but often led to conflicts over land as settlers encroached upon these territories. The U.S. government's failure to uphold treaty agreements contributed to a cycle of displacement and violence against the Cheyenne. This history shaped their ongoing struggles for recognition and sovereignty as they contend with broken promises and loss of land.
• Evaluate how historical events like the Sand Creek Massacre have shaped modern perceptions of the Cheyenne tribe and their advocacy efforts today.
  • Historical events such as the Sand Creek Massacre significantly impacted modern perceptions of the Cheyenne tribe, highlighting their resilience amidst violence and injustice. This tragic event has become emblematic of broader issues faced by Native American communities, leading to increased awareness and support for tribal rights. As a result, contemporary advocacy efforts by the Cheyenne focus on cultural preservation, legal recognition, and reparative justice, aiming to rectify past wrongs while empowering future generations.

Related terms

Plains Indians: A term used to refer to the diverse Native American tribes that inhabited the Great Plains, including the Cheyenne, who adapted to a nomadic lifestyle centered around buffalo hunting.

Treaty of Fort Laramie:

An 1851 treaty between the United States and various Native American tribes, including the Cheyenne, which aimed to establish boundaries and protect tribal lands from settlers.

Dog Soldiers: A group of warrior societies within the Cheyenne tribe known for their fierce resistance against U.S. military forces and commitment to protecting their people and culture.