Viola da gamba

Definition

The viola da gamba is a string instrument popular in the Renaissance and Baroque periods, characterized by its fretted fingerboard and held between the legs while playing. It has a softer sound compared to the violin family and typically features six or seven strings. The viola da gamba plays an important role in various musical contexts, especially in chamber music and sonata compositions from national styles during its time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The viola da gamba is distinct from the viola da braccio (the regular viola), as it has a flat back and is played seated with the legs.
2. In the 17th century, the viola da gamba became essential in various national styles, particularly in France and Spain, influencing composers to write specific works for it.
3. The instrument experienced a decline in popularity during the Classical period as the violin family gained prominence in orchestras.
4. Its revival in the 20th century is tied to early music movements and a growing interest in historically informed performance practices.
5. Famous composers like J.S. Bach wrote suites specifically for the viola da gamba, showcasing its lyrical capabilities and expressive range.

Review Questions

• How did the design and playing technique of the viola da gamba contribute to its unique sound compared to other string instruments?
  • The viola da gamba's design features a fretted fingerboard, which allows for a different playing technique compared to instruments like the violin. It is held between the legs, producing a softer and more mellow sound due to its construction and string configuration. These characteristics contribute to its distinct timbre, making it especially suitable for intimate settings like chamber music.
• Discuss how the viola da gamba was integrated into national styles of sonata composition during its peak usage.
  • During its peak usage in the 17th century, the viola da gamba was integrated into national styles of sonata composition by composers who utilized its unique sound to enhance their musical narratives. In French sonatas, for instance, the instrument's expressive qualities were often highlighted through intricate melodic lines. In contrast, Spanish compositions showcased the gamba's rhythmic abilities. This integration allowed for a diverse range of expressions across different cultural contexts.
• Evaluate the impact of the historical performance movement on the revival of interest in the viola da gamba in contemporary music.
  • The historical performance movement significantly impacted the revival of interest in the viola da gamba by advocating for authentic interpretations of Baroque music. This movement encouraged musicians to explore period instruments and playing techniques that were once forgotten. As a result, performances began incorporating the viola da gamba more frequently, leading to a resurgence in both solo and ensemble works that highlight its rich heritage and unique sound within contemporary music settings.

Related terms

Basso continuo: A form of musical accompaniment used in the Baroque period, consisting of a bass line with harmonies that are realized by keyboard or other chordal instruments.

Sonata:

A musical composition for one or more instruments, typically structured in multiple movements, often featuring contrasting themes and textures.

Baroque Orchestra: An ensemble that typically includes strings, woodwinds, brass, and continuo instruments, performing music from the Baroque era with specific attention to style and instrumentation.