TRNA

Definition

tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode mRNA sequences into proteins. It carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. tRNA molecules have an anticodon region that pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA.
2. Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid, which it carries to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing polypeptide chain.
3. The enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase charges tRNAs by attaching the correct amino acid to each tRNA.
4. There are at least 20 different types of tRNA molecules, one for each amino acid.
5. The structure of a tRNA molecule resembles a cloverleaf with three loops and an acceptor stem where the amino acid attaches.

Review Questions

• What is the function of the anticodon region in a tRNA molecule?
• How does aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase contribute to protein synthesis?
• Describe how tRNA specificity to an amino acid is determined.

Related terms

mRNA: Messenger RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

ribosome: A molecular machine that facilitates the translation of mRNA into proteins.

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: An enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.