Thyroid

Definition

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It plays a critical role in maintaining physiological homeostasis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
2. Graves' disease is another autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism.
3. Thyroid autoantibodies can be detected through blood tests and are indicative of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
4. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, can occur due to both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism caused by autoimmune conditions.
5. The presence of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) is commonly associated with Graves' disease.

Review Questions

• What role does the thyroid play in the body?
• Name two autoimmune diseases that affect the thyroid and describe how they impact its function.
• How can healthcare providers diagnose autoimmune disorders related to the thyroid?

Related terms

Hypothyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones.

Hyperthyroidism: A condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones.

Autoantibodies:

Antibodies produced by the immune system that mistakenly target and react with a person's own tissues or organs.