TH1 cells

Definition

TH1 cells are a subset of T helper cells that produce cytokines, primarily interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), to activate macrophages and promote cell-mediated immune responses. They play a crucial role in defending against intracellular pathogens like viruses and certain bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TH1 cells are essential for the clearance of intracellular pathogens.
2. They produce cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α.
3. TH1 differentiation is promoted by the cytokine IL-12.
4. These cells enhance the microbicidal activity of macrophages.
5. An imbalance favoring TH1 responses can contribute to autoimmune diseases.

Review Questions

• What are the primary cytokines produced by TH1 cells?
• How do TH1 cells contribute to the activation of macrophages?
• Which cytokine promotes the differentiation of TH1 cells?

Related terms

T Helper Cells (TH Cells): A type of T cell that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system.

Cytokines:

Small proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on interactions and communications between cells.

Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ): A cytokine critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and some bacterial infections; produced mainly by TH1 cells.