Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms. It commonly enters the body through wounds or cuts contaminated with the bacteria.
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Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that forms spores.
The primary toxin produced by C. tetani, tetanospasmin, inhibits neurotransmitters and leads to muscle rigidity.
Tetanus can be prevented through vaccination with the DTaP or Tdap vaccines.
Symptoms typically appear within 3 to 21 days after infection and include lockjaw (trismus) and muscle spasms.
Treatment involves administering human tetanus immune globulin (TIG), wound care, antibiotics, and supportive care.