Tetanus

Definition

Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms. It commonly enters the body through wounds or cuts contaminated with the bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that forms spores.
2. The primary toxin produced by C. tetani, tetanospasmin, inhibits neurotransmitters and leads to muscle rigidity.
3. Tetanus can be prevented through vaccination with the DTaP or Tdap vaccines.
4. Symptoms typically appear within 3 to 21 days after infection and include lockjaw (trismus) and muscle spasms.
5. Treatment involves administering human tetanus immune globulin (TIG), wound care, antibiotics, and supportive care.

Review Questions

• What type of bacterium causes tetanus and how does it enter the body?
• Describe the function of the toxin produced by Clostridium tetani in causing disease symptoms.
• What are the key components of treating a patient diagnosed with tetanus?

Related terms

Clostridium botulinum: A Gram-positive bacterium that produces botulinum toxin, causing botulism.

Neurotoxin: A type of toxin that targets neural tissue and disrupts normal nerve function.

DTaP vaccine: A combined vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough).