Terpenoids

Definition

Terpenoids are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from terpenes. They play various roles in cellular processes and are critical components of essential oils and plant resins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Terpenoids are structurally modified terpenes with additional functional groups such as oxygen-containing groups.
2. They are biosynthesized through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in microorganisms.
3. Terpenoids have significant roles in microbial ecology, including functions as signaling molecules and defensive compounds.
4. Many antibiotics, like artemisinin, are derived from terpenoid structures.
5. In microbiology, terpenoids can influence membrane fluidity and electron transport chains.

Review Questions

• What pathways are involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids?
• How do terpenoids function in microbial ecology?
• Can you name an antibiotic that is derived from a terpenoid structure?

Related terms

Terpenes: Simple hydrocarbons formed from isoprene units that serve as precursors to terpenoids.

Mevalonate Pathway: A metabolic pathway that produces isoprenoids, including sterols and terpenoids.

Methylerythritol Phosphate (MEP) Pathway: An alternative biosynthetic route for producing isoprenoids found in many bacteria and plants.