Sulfonamide resistance

Definition

Sulfonamide resistance is the ability of bacteria to survive and proliferate despite the presence of sulfonamide antibiotics. This occurs through various mechanisms, including genetic mutations and acquisition of resistance genes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sulfonamide resistance often results from mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene in bacteria.
2. Resistance can also arise due to horizontal gene transfer, where bacteria acquire resistant genes from other bacteria.
3. Efflux pumps can contribute to sulfonamide resistance by expelling the antibiotic out of bacterial cells.
4. Alteration in target enzymes or metabolic pathways can render sulfonamides ineffective.
5. Sulfonamide-resistant bacteria can complicate treatment options for infections such as urinary tract infections and some forms of pneumonia.

Review Questions

• What genetic changes commonly lead to sulfonamide resistance in bacteria?
• How does horizontal gene transfer contribute to sulfonamide resistance?
• What role do efflux pumps play in bacterial resistance to sulfonamides?

Related terms

Antimicrobial Resistance:

The ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of an antimicrobial agent.

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical transmission.

Efflux Pump: A protein that transports various molecules, including antibiotics, out of cells.