Side chain

Definition

A side chain is a distinct functional group attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid. It determines the specific properties and reactivity of each amino acid.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Side chains can be polar, nonpolar, acidic, or basic, influencing protein structure and function.
2. The chemical nature of a side chain affects how an amino acid interacts with other molecules.
3. Hydrophobic side chains tend to cluster together inside proteins, while hydrophilic ones are usually found on the surface.
4. The side chain of cysteine contains a sulfhydryl group that can form disulfide bonds, stabilizing protein structure.
5. Mutations altering side chains can significantly impact protein function and lead to diseases.

Review Questions

• What role do side chains play in determining the properties of amino acids?
• How do hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains affect protein folding?
• Why are disulfide bonds important in proteins, and which amino acid's side chain is involved?

Related terms

Amino Acid:

Building blocks of proteins containing a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain.

Peptide Bond:

A covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Protein Folding:

The process by which a protein assumes its functional three-dimensional shape based on interactions among its amino acids' side chains.