Pseudomembranous colitis

Definition

Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammation of the colon associated with an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria, often following antibiotic therapy. It is characterized by the formation of pseudomembranes on the colon lining.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pseudomembranous colitis is most commonly triggered by broad-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt normal gut flora.
2. The main causative agent is Clostridium difficile, a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium.
3. Symptoms include severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.
4. Toxin A and toxin B produced by C. difficile are responsible for the damage to the colon's lining.
5. Diagnosis often involves stool tests for C. difficile toxins and imaging studies like a CT scan.

Review Questions

• What type of bacteria causes pseudomembranous colitis?
• How do broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to the development of pseudomembranous colitis?
• What are two major toxins produced by Clostridium difficile?

Related terms

Clostridium difficile: A gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium responsible for causing pseudomembranous colitis.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics: Antibiotics that affect a wide range of bacteria, potentially disrupting normal gut flora.

Toxins A and B: Virulence factors produced by C. difficile that cause inflammation and damage to the colon lining.