Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI)

Definition

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a disorder where the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol and aldosterone. This condition commonly results from autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PAI is often caused by autoimmune adrenalitis, where the body's immune system attacks its own adrenal glands.
2. Symptoms of PAI include fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation.
3. Diagnosis typically involves measuring cortisol levels and performing an ACTH stimulation test.
4. Treatment for PAI generally includes lifelong hormone replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
5. Without proper treatment, PAI can lead to an adrenal crisis, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention.

Review Questions

• What is the primary cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
• List three common symptoms associated with primary adrenal insufficiency.
• Describe the standard treatment approach for managing PAI.

Related terms

Autoimmune Adrenalitis: An autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and damages the adrenal glands.

Cortisol: A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a critical role in stress response and metabolism.

Adrenal Crisis: A potentially fatal condition resulting from severe deficiency of cortisol, often triggered by stress or infection.