Petechial rash

Definition

Petechial rash is a small, pinpoint, red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. It can be indicative of serious infections, including bacterial infections of the circulatory and nervous systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Petechial rash often indicates capillary hemorrhage and can be a sign of severe conditions like meningitis or endocarditis.
2. It is commonly associated with Neisseria meningitidis infections in the context of bacterial diseases of the nervous system.
3. A petechial rash does not blanch (turn white) when pressure is applied, differentiating it from other types of rashes.
4. Infections leading to petechial rash may progress rapidly and require immediate medical attention.
5. Diagnosis typically involves blood cultures, lumbar puncture, and other tests to identify the underlying bacterial pathogen.

Review Questions

• What are common causes of petechial rash in bacterial infections?
• How can you differentiate a petechial rash from other types of rashes?
• Why is immediate medical attention crucial for patients presenting with petechial rash?

Related terms

Meningitis:

Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, often caused by an infection.

Endocarditis:

Infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.

Septicemia:

A systemic infection where bacteria enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to sepsis.