The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. It plays a crucial role in the growth and repair of bone tissue.
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The periosteum contains a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to bone cells, aiding in their maintenance and repair.
It is divided into two layers: an outer fibrous layer that provides structural integrity and an inner cambium layer rich in osteoblasts for bone production.
Nerves within the periosteum can detect pain, making it highly sensitive to injury or inflammation.
Periosteal inflammation (periostitis) can occur due to infection or trauma, potentially impacting nearby nervous system structures.
Infections that spread to or originate from the periosteum can lead to osteomyelitis, which may cause severe complications if not treated.
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Related terms
Osteoblasts: Cells found in the inner cambium layer of the periosteum responsible for bone formation.
Osteomyelitis: A severe infection of bone tissue often originating from nearby infections such as those involving the periosteum.
Periostitis: Inflammation of the periosteum, commonly caused by infection or physical trauma.