Nucleoside analog

Definition

A nucleoside analog is a compound structurally similar to a nucleoside, which is a building block of DNA and RNA. These analogs can interfere with DNA replication and transcription, often used as antiviral or anticancer agents.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. They can cause mutations by being incorporated into DNA during replication.
2. Nucleoside analogs are often used in antiviral therapies to inhibit viral replication.
3. Some nucleoside analogs can act as chain terminators, preventing further elongation of the DNA strand.
4. They can be toxic to cells because they can disrupt normal cellular processes.
5. Nucleoside analogs are studied for their potential use in treating various cancers.

Review Questions

• What effect do nucleoside analogs have on DNA replication?
• How are nucleoside analogs used in medical treatments?
• Why might nucleoside analogs be toxic to cells?

Related terms

Mutation: A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, which can lead to changes in phenotype.

DNA Replication: The process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before cell division.

Antiviral Agent: A substance that inhibits the growth or replication of viruses.