key term - Nonionizing radiation

Definition

Nonionizing radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules. It can affect the structure and function of DNA, causing mutations or microbial control without breaking chemical bonds.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nonionizing radiation includes ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, infrared radiation, and microwaves.
2. UV light is commonly used to sterilize surfaces and equipment by damaging microbial DNA.
3. Nonionizing radiation causes thymine dimers in DNA, leading to mutations during replication.
4. Microwaves generate heat through water molecule agitation but are less effective at directly killing microbes compared to UV light.
5. Exposure time and intensity are critical factors determining the effectiveness of nonionizing radiation in controlling microbial growth.

Review Questions

Related terms

Ionizing Radiation:

A type of electromagnetic radiation that carries enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, potentially causing more severe damage to biological tissues.

Thymine Dimers:

Molecular lesions formed on DNA strands where two adjacent thymine bases bond together due to exposure to UV light.

Sterilization:

The process of eliminating all forms of microbial life from an object or surface, often using physical or chemical methods.