Nitrofurantoin

Definition

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic specifically used to treat urinary tract infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes and interfering with cell wall synthesis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nitrofurantoin is particularly effective against E. coli, a common causative agent of UTIs.
2. It is often prescribed in both acute and chronic urinary tract infections.
3. Nitrofurantoin is available in both macrocrystalline and monohydrate/macrocrystalline forms.
4. The drug is concentrated in the urine, which makes it less effective for systemic infections but ideal for UTIs.
5. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances and hypersensitivity reactions.

Review Questions

• What types of bacteria are most effectively treated with nitrofurantoin?
• Why is nitrofurantoin less effective for systemic infections compared to other antibiotics?
• What are common side effects associated with nitrofurantoin?

Related terms

E. coli:

A Gram-negative bacterium commonly involved in urinary tract infections.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):

An infection in any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, bladder, or urethra.

Antibiotic Resistance:

The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic that once could successfully treat the infection caused by them.