Neutrophil

Definition

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body's immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens. They are the most abundant type of white blood cells in humans and are essential for combating infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neutrophils are the first responders to sites of infection or inflammation.
2. They use a process called phagocytosis to ingest and neutralize pathogens.
3. Neutrophils have a short lifespan, typically surviving only a few hours to days in circulation.
4. They release enzymes and antimicrobial proteins from granules to kill microbes.
5. An elevated neutrophil count, known as neutrophilia, can indicate an acute bacterial infection or inflammation.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune system?
• What process do neutrophils use to ingest pathogens?
• What does an elevated neutrophil count indicate about a person's health?

Related terms

Phagocytosis:

The process by which cells, like neutrophils, engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris.

Granulocytes: A category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Inflammation:

A biological response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, often involving redness, heat, swelling, and pain.